Fri Nov 10 2023

44 articles - From Friday Nov 03 2023 to Friday Nov 10 2023

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Guidelines

Guidelines and related publications, position statements, white papers, technical reviews, consensus statements, etc…


Meta-analysis

meta-analyses and systematic reviews

Inflamm Bowel Dis

A Systematic Review on the Increasing Incidence of Inflammatory Bowel Disease in Southeast Asia: Looking Beyond the Urbanization Phenomenon.

For instance, a higher frequency of the NOD2 predisposing mutation SNP5 and IBD risk allele IGR2198a and IGR2092a were found in Indians. Although differences in the genetic constitution play an important role in the epidemiology and prognosis of IBD in SEA, the emergence of this disease offers a unique opportunity to identify potential exposomes that contribute to its pathogenesis.

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Rates of Endoscopic Recurrence In Postoperative Crohn's Disease Based on Anastomotic Techniques: A Systematic Review And Meta-Analysis.

Kono-S ileocolic anastomosis was more likely to decrease the risk of ePOR at =6 months compared with conventional anastomosis. Our findings highlight the need to implement the use of Kono-S anastomosis, particularly for difficult to treat patients. However, results from larger randomized controlled trials are needed to confirm these data.

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J Crohns Colitis

Pharmacological therapies for the management of fistulising Crohn's disease: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Very low-to-moderate certainty evidence suggests that anti-TNF therapy, oral small molecules, ustekinumab, and MSCs are effective for perianal fistulising CD. Dedicated fistula studies evaluating biologics and small molecules are needed.

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Original articles

RCT, clinical trials, retrospective studies, etc…

Am J Clin Nutr

Adherence to a healthy lifestyle, genetic susceptibility to abdominal obesity, cardiometabolic risk markers, and risk of coronary heart disease.

Individuals who have high or medium genetic risk of abdominal obesity but adhere to a healthy lifestyle may have a lower risk of developing CHD, compared with those who have low genetic risk and an unhealthy lifestyle. Future clinical trials of lifestyle modification could be implemented for individuals at high genetic risk of abdominal obesity for the primary prevention of CHD events.

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Association of Dietary Adherence and Dietary Quality with Weight Loss Success among those Following Low-Carbohydrate and Low-Fat Diets: A Secondary Analysis of the DIETFITS Randomized Clinical Trial.

Within both HLC and HLF diet arms, 12-month decrease in BMI was significantly greater in HQ/HA subgroups relative to LQ/LA subgroups. Neither HQ nor HA alone were significantly different than LQ/LA subgroups. Results of this analysis support the combination of dietary adherence and high-quality diets for weight loss. Clinical trial registry ClinicalTrials.gov (Identifier NCT01826591).

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Cholesterol-rich dietary pattern during early pregnancy and genetic variations of cholesterol metabolism genes in predicting gestational diabetes mellitus: a nested case-control study.

Both a cholesterol-rich dietary pattern and genetic variants of cholesterol metabolism genes are associated with risk of GDM. Adherence to a cholesterol-rich dietary pattern during early pregnancy promotes the chance of GDM, especially in women with higher GRS. Clinical trial registry

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Growth and Body Composition 5 y After Treatment for Severe Acute Malnutrition: A 5-y Prospective Matched Cohort Study in Ethiopian Children.

Five y after SAM treatment, children maintained deficits in HAZ, WAZ, BAZ, and FFMI, with preservation of FMI, sitting height, and head circumference at the expense of lower-limb length, indicating a "thrifty growth" pattern. Research is urgently needed to identify effective clinical and public health interventions to mitigate these consequences of malnutrition.

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Longitudinal associations of macronutrient and micronutrient intake with plasma kynurenines in colorectal cancer survivors up to 12 months posttreatment.

Our findings show that intake of several macronutrients and micronutrients is associated with some metabolites of the kynurenine pathway in CRC survivors up to 12 mo posttreatment. These results may be relevant for enhancing HRQoL after cancer through potential diet-induced changes in kynurenines. Further studies are necessary to confirm our findings.

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The gut microbiome modulates associations between adherence to a Mediterranean-style Diet, abdominal adiposity and C-reactive protein in population-level analysis.

These novel data suggest that abundance of specific taxa in the Porphyromonadaceae and Peptostreptococcaceae families may contribute to the association between aMed scores, lower abdominal adipose tissue, and inflammation.

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Inflamm Bowel Dis

An Insight into Patients' Perspectives of Ulcerative Colitis Flares via Analysis of Online Public Forum Posts.

Frequently discussed patient-perceived triggers of UC flares included diet, stress, and anxiety. These results suggest that physicians could incorporate a broader and more holistic approach to UC monitoring and management than is currently practiced.

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Crohn's Disease Mortality and Ambient Air Pollution in New York City.

In New York City from 1993 to 2010, CD-related death rates were higher among individuals from neighborhoods with higher levels of SO2 but were not associated with levels of nitric oxide, nitrogen dioxide, and fine particulate matter. These findings raise an important and timely public health issue regarding exposure of CD patients to environmental SO2, warranting further exploration.

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Early-Life Hygiene-Related Factors and Risk of Inflammatory Bowel Disease: A Scandinavian Birth Cohort Study.

In this birth cohort study from 2 high-income Scandinavian countries, some early-life hygiene-related exposures were associated with IBD risk. The generalizability of these results to countries of other socioeconomic level is unknown.

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Impact of Opioid Use on the Natural History of Inflammatory Bowel Disease: Prospective Longitudinal Follow-up Study.

Opioid use in IBD is associated with psychological comorbidity and increased risk of intestinal resection, particularly in stronger formulations. Future studies should stratify the risk of individual opioids, so that robust prescribing algorithms can be developed and assess whether addressing psychological factors in routine IBD care could be an effective opioid avoidance strategy.

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Real-World Persistence of Successive Biologics in Patients With Inflammatory Bowel Disease: Findings From ROTARY.

Although anti-TNFa treatments were most commonly prescribed, the adjusted rates of discontinuation for adalimumab as both a first- and second-line biologic were higher than for vedolizumab, infliximab, or ustekinumab.

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Treating Autoimmune Diseases With LANCL2 Therapeutics: A Novel Immunoregulatory Mechanism for Patients With Ulcerative Colitis and Crohn's Disease.

Omilancor, the most advanced LANCL2 immunoregulatory therapeutic in late-stage clinical development, is a phase 3 ready, first-in-class, gut-restricted, oral, once-daily, small-molecule therapeutic in clinical development for the treatment of UC and CD. In this review, we discuss this novel mechanism of mucosal immunoregulation and how LANCL2-targeting therapeutics could help address the unmet clinical needs of patients with autoimmune diseases, starting with IBD.

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J Crohns Colitis

Antibody responses to Influenza vaccination are diminished in patients with inflammatory bowel disease on infliximab or tofacitinib.

Vaccination in both the 2020-2021 and 2021-2022 seasons was associated with significantly higher antibody responses to influenza/A than no vaccination or vaccination in 2021-2022 alone. Infliximab and tofacitinib are associated with lower binding antibody responses to Influenza/A, similar to COVID-19 vaccine-induced antibody responses.

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Cancer Biology or Ineffective Surveillance? A multicentre retrospective analysis of colitis-associated post-colonoscopy colorectal cancers.

IBD PCCRC prevention will require more proactive strategies to reduce endoscopic inflammatory burden, improve lesion optical characterisation, adherence to recommended surveillance intervals and patient acceptance of prophylactic colectomy. However, the significant proportion appearing to originate from non-adenomatous-looking mucosa which fail to yield neoplasia on biopsy yet display aggressive cancer evolution highlight the limitations of current surveillance. Emerging molecular biomarkers may play a role in enhancing cancer risk stratification in future clinical practice.

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De-escalation of biological treatment in inflammatory bowel disease: A comprehensive review.

Any consideration for de-escalation of biological therapy in IBD must be tailored, taking into account the risks and consequences of a flare and patients' preferences.

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Early versus Late Use of Vedolizumab in Ulcerative Colitis: Clinical, Endoscopic, and Histological Outcomes.

No significant differences in clinical, endoscopic, and histological outcomes were observed between "early" and "late" disease.

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Higher serum infliximab concentrations following subcutaneous dosing are associated with deep remission in patients with inflammatory bowel disease.

Higher SC-IFX concentrations are associated with higher rates of favorable therapeutic outcomes in IBD patients. Serum SC-IFX concentrations higher than 20µg/mL were significantly associated with deep remission.

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Impact of Baseline Corticosteroid Use on the Efficacy and Safety of Upadacitinib in Patients with Ulcerative Colitis: a Post Hoc Analysis of the Phase 3 Clinical Trial Programme.

Upadacitinib is an effective steroid-sparing treatment in patients with moderately to severely active ulcerative colitis.

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Initial management of intraabdominal abscesses and preventive strategies for abscess recurrence in penetrating Crohn's disease: a national multicenter study based on ENEIDA registry.

Small abscesses (<30mm) can be managed with antibiotics alone, while larger ones require drainage. Percutaneous drainage will be effective and safer than surgery in many cases. After discharge, anti-TNF therapy reduces abscess recurrence risk in a similar way to bowel resection.

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Liver Transpl

Alcohol use disorder in alcohol-associated liver disease: Two sides of the same coin.

Data are emerging to show that a multidisciplinary integrated AUD treatment within an LT program reduces recurrent alcohol use after LT. If we want to continue using eLT for patients with severe AH, LT programs should focus on building integrated multidisciplinary care teams for the integrated treatment of both AUD and ALD.

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Assessing reliability and validity of the SIPAT and opportunities for improvement: A single-center cohort study.

The SIPAT should be interpreted with caution, especially as a composite score. Future studies should examine validity in other populations.

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Does liraglutide alleviates inflammation in brain-dead donors? A randomized clinical trial.

Liraglutide administration reduced IL-6 and prevented the increase of IL-10 plasma levels in brain-dead donors, without affecting the expression of genes and proteins related to inflammation, apoptosis, endoplasmic reticulum stress, or oxidative stress.

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Immunosuppression minimization is safe and associated with good long-term success in pediatric liver transplant recipients.

In conclusion, immunosuppression minimization is safe in pediatric liver transplant recipients and should be considered to reduce long-term medication side-effects and improve patient quality of life. Future studies are necessary to follow long-term outcomes and develop biomarkers to predict minimization success.

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Pancreas

Daily Pain Experiences in Chronic Pancreatitis: Identifying Pain Phenotypes.

Daily pain diaries offer a novel way of evaluating the dynamic pain experiences in CP. Although 4 distinct pain patterns were identified, further studies are needed to validate these findings.

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Feasibility of Surveillance for Mucinous Cystic Neoplasm of the Pancreas: A Multi-Institutional Retrospective Study of 328 Patients by the Japanese Pancreatic Society.

As the risk of progression to malignant MCNs increases over the long term, MCNs should be resected rather than subjected to unnecessary surveillance.

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Pancreatology

A protein-based prognostic model for pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma: Construction and validation.

Our protein-based prognostic model for PDAC, along with six signature proteins, might aid in predicting PDAC prognosis and therapeutic targets.

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COVID-19 and acute pancreatitis clinical outcomes among hospitalized patients in the United States: A propensity matched analysis of national inpatient sample.

Worse in-hospital outcomes, including increased incidence of septic shock, acute kidney injury, and acute kidney injury requiring hemodialysis in hospitalized patients with COVID-19 infection and pancreatitis, emphasize the need for more research to understand the effect of COVID-19 disease in hospitalized patients with pancreatitis and in the role of vaccination to improve long term outcome in this patient population.

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Characterization of novel PNLIP variants in congenital pancreatic lipase deficiency.

All three novel PNLIP variants cause a loss-of-function through impaired secretion. Additionally, the p.R188C and p.W419* variants may induce proteotoxicity through misfolding and potentially increase the risk for pancreatic acinar cell injury.

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Utility of contrast-enhanced harmonic endoscopic ultrasonography for prediction of pathological response after neoadjuvant chemotherapy in patients with pancreatic cancer.

Evaluation of vascular pattern on CH-EUS could be useful for predicting the efficacy of NAC in patients with pancreatic cancer. The enhancement pattern on CH-EUS could be a one of the useful features for determining NAC indications in resectable pancreatic cancer patients.

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Weight loss during neoadjuvant chemotherapy impacts perioperative outcomes in patients undergoing surgery for pancreatic cancer.

Nutritional measures to stabilize weight during NAC should be considered to decrease post-pancreatectomy complications.

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Reviews&Editorials

Plenty of the editorials are available as full text through the publisher website using the provided link

Am J Clin Nutr

Can healthy lifestyle offset the genetic predisposition to obesity to prevent coronary heart disease?

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Does maintaining a "healthy" tryptophan metabolism hold the key to cancer survivorship?

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Pregnancy diet to prevent gestational diabetes: study design and dietary assessments.

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To survive, yet not thrive: long-term outcomes of childhood survivors of severe acute malnutrition.

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Miscellaneous

misc publications eg case reports, tools of the trade, images of the month, etc…

Inflamm Bowel Dis

Antibody, not Cellular, Immune Responses to SARS-CoV-2 Vaccination Outperform Infection in Inflammatory Bowel Disease Patients.

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Liver Transpl

Impact of implementation of national liver review board on liver allocation among patients with primary sclerosing cholangitis.

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Liver transplant evaluation redux: Hope for reconsidering previously declined candidates with alcohol-associated liver disease.

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Making the best use of testing for blood phosphatidylethanol.

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Precipitous changes in nomenclature and definitions-NAFLD becomes SLD: Implications for and expectations of AASLD journals.

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Reply: How does Ex-vivo liver perfusion help improve the outcomes of liver transplantation in donation after cardiac death (DCD) donors?

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Letters&Replies

Letters to the editors and authors’ replies

Pancreatology

Saccharomyces fungemia in two critically ill patients with acute pancreatitis.

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